Romansh and Lausanne
26 November 2020
The Canton of Graubünden is to a large extent German-speaking. There are various Swiss-german dialects, (Schweizerdeutsch) including Höchstalemannische, Walserdeutsche or Zürichdeutsche dialects.
Italian is the official language in three areas in the south of Graubünden: Misox (Mesocco) on the border with Ticino in the Mesolcina and Calanca valleys, in Bergell (Bregaglia) and in Puschlav (Valposchiavo). They are Lombard dialects.
Romansh is spoken in five regions. Article 18 of the Federal Constitution guarantees the fundamental right to linguistic freedom as an individual right; even languages that are not longer spoken fall under the scope of Article 18.
The practical solution is laid down in the principle of territoriality (Article 70(2):
“The cantons determine their official languages. In order to maintain harmony between language communities, they must respect traditional languages and take account of traditional linguistic minorities.”
In any case, Romansh or rather Rumantsch Grischun has reached the Federal Supreme Court (Bundesgericht) in Lausanne.
The Court only uses the Romansh language on a specific issue from this region. Rumantsch Grischun, the unified Romansh language among the five dialects, is the legal language in Lausanne.
(Source: G. Janzing, Rätoromanisch, 4th edition (Bielefeld, 2016).